Bioactivity evaluation of compounds produced by Fusarium equiseti from Kaempferia parviflora rhizome from Indonesia

Praptiwi Praptiwi; Muhammad Ilyas; Agus Budiawan Naro Putra; Kartika Dyah Palupi; Ahmad Fathoni; Puspa D. N. Lotulung; Evana Evana; Dwinna Rahmi; Andria Agusta

doi:10.7324/JAPS.2025.221818

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Abstract

Endophytic fungi have garnered attention for their ability to synthesize chemical compounds similar to those of their host plants. This study evaluated the bioactivities of BwKpRt-1, an endophytic fungus associated with Kaempferia parviflora rhizome. Bioactivity analyses included antioxidant assays, antibacterial, and antiproliferative toward cell lines, identified a fungal species and its chemical compounds using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Docking study for equisetin was also carried out in this research. The extract of BwKpRt-1 demonstrated antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 57.36 μg/ml (DPPH) or AAI value of 0.5 (moderate). Its α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were 0.121 ± 0.02 nmole/minute/ml and 335.38 unit/l, respectively. Antibacterial activity is strong against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 64 μg/ml. The anticancer activity of this extract against MCF-7 and A549 showed IC50, which were 58.61 and 42.64 μg/ml. Chemical compound analysis using LC-HRMS identified equisetin as a main compound (42.18%). Docking study showed that Equisetin (EQ) exhibits stronger antioxidant and anticancer potential than standard drugs, showing lower energy affinities than vitamin C (VitC) for HsKEAP1 (−8.5 vs. −6.1 kcal/mol) and doxorubicin (DXR) for HsEGFR (−8.5 vs. −7.8 kcal/mol). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BwKpRt-1 had a 99.08% similarity to Fusarium equiseti. These findings highlight the potential of F. equiseti BwKpRt-1 as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications.

Keyword: Endophytic fungi Fusarium equiseti BwKpRt-1 Kaempferia parviflora bioactivities LC-HRMS

Citation:

Praptiwi P, Ilyas M, Putra ABN, Palupi KD, Fathoni A, Lotulung PDN, Evana E, Rahmi D, Agusta A. Bioactivity evaluation of compounds produced by Fusarium equiseti from Kaempferia parviflora rhizome from Indonesia. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2025;15(07):179–192. http://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2025.221818

Copyright: © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Reference

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1. Socfindoconservation.co.id [Internet]. Kaempferia parviflora. [Cited 2024 Sep 5]. Available from https://www.socfindoconservation.co.id/plant/535?lang=en

2. Powo.science.kew.org [Internet]. Kaempferia parviflora. [Cited 2024 Sep 5]. Available from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:797188-1

3. Yee TT, Lwin KWY. Study of phytochemical composition on Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex Baker . IEEE-SEM. 2019;7(7):128-36.

4. Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Tong-Un T, Saenghong N, Thukhum-Mee W, Sripanidkulchai B. Positive modulation effect of 8-week consumption of Kaempferia parviflora on health-related physical fitness and oxidative status in healthy elderly volunteers. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:732816. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/732816

5. Sae-Wong C, Matsuda H, Tewtrakul S, Tansakul P, Nakamura S, Nomura Y, et al. Suppressive effects of methoxyflavonoids isolated from Kaempferia parviflora on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;136(3):488-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.013

6. Tewtrakul S, Subhadhirasakul S, Kummee S. Anti-allergic activity of compounds from Kaempferia parviflora. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(1):191-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.042

7. Leardkamolkarn V, Tiamyuyen S, Sripanidkulchai B. Pharmacological activity of Kaempferia parviflora extract against human bile duct cancer cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009;10(4):695-8.

8. Akase T, Shimada T, Terabayashi S, Ikeya Y, Sanada H, Aburada M. Antiobesity effects of Kaempferia parviflora in spontaneously obese type II diabetic mice. J Nat Med. 2011;65(1):73-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-010-0461-2

9. Azuma T, Kayano S, Matsumura Y, Konishi Y, Tanaka Y, Kikuzaki H. Antimutagenic and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of constituents from Kaempferia parviflora. Food Chem. 2011;125(2):471-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.033

10. Jeong D, Kim DH, Chon JW, Kim H, Lee SK, Kim HS, et al. Antibacterial effect of crude extracts of Kaempferia parviflora (Krachaidam) against cronobacter spp. and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in various dairy foods: a preliminary study. J Milk Sci Biotechnol. 2016;34(2):63-8. https://doi.org/10.22424/jmsb.2016.34.2.63

11. Labrooy CD, Abdullah TL, Abdullah NAP, Stanslas J. Optimum shade enhances growth and 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone accumulation in Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker cultivars. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam). 2016;213:346-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.10.042

12. Sharma P, Singh SP. Chapter 11-Role of the endogenous fungal metabolites in the plant growth improvement and stress tolerance. In: Sharma VK, Shah MP, Parmar S, Kumar A, editors. Fungi Bio-Prospects Sustain. Agric. Environ. Nano-technology. London, UK: Academic Press; 2021. pp 381-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821734-4.00002-2

13. Anand U, Pal T, Yadav N, Singh VK, Tripathi V, Choudhary KK, et al. Current scenario and future prospects of endophytic microbes: promising candidates for abiotic and biotic stress management for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Microb Ecol. 2023;86(3):1455-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-023-02190-1

14. Yang SX, Zhao WT, Chen HY, Zhang L, Liu TK, Chen HP, et al. Aureonitols A and B, Two New C(13) -polyketides from Chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chem Biodivers. 2019;16(9):e1900364. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900364

15. Ujam NT, Adonu CC, Gugu TH, Onwusoba RC, Ike CJ, Offiah RO, et al. Assessment of antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory activities of endophytic fungal metabolites from Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2022;6(3):121-31.

16. Alisaac E, Mahlein AK. Fusarium head blight on wheat: biology, modern detection and diagnosis and integrated disease management. Toxins (Basel). 2023;15(3):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030192

17. Hami A, Rasool RS, Khan NA, Mansoor S, Mir MA, Ahmed N, et al. Morpho-molecular identification and first report of Fusarium equiseti in causing chilli wilt from Kashmir (Northern Himalayas). Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3610. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82854-5

18. Liu S, Gao W, Yang X, Huo R, Chen F, Cao F, et al. Structure determination and cytotoxic evaluation of metabolites from the entomogenous fungus Fusarium equiseti. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2021;74(3):176-80. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-00379-x

19. Pham GN, Josselin B, Cousseau A, Baratte B, Dayras M, Le Meur C, et al. New fusarochromanone derivatives from the marine fungus Fusarium equiseti UBOCC-A-117302. Mar Drugs. 2024;22(10):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100444

20. Praptiwi, Fathoni A, Ilyas M. Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities. Biodiversitas. 2020;21(2):436-41. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210202

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24. Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol. 1987;4:406-25.

25. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33:1870-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054

26. Amarowicz R, Pegg RB. Chapter one-natural antioxidants of plant origin. In: Ferreira ICFR, Barros LBT-A in F and NR, editors. Funct. Food Ingredients from Plants. Academic Press; 2019. Vol. 90, 1-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.011

27. Kim KY, Nam KA, Kurihara H, Kim SM. Potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors purified from the red alga Grateloupia elliptica. Phytochemistry. 2008;69(16):2820-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.09.007

28. Windarsih A, Suratno, Warmiko HD, Indrianingsih AW, Rohman A, Ulumuddin YI. Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics approach using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry to detect pork adulteration in Pangasius hypopthalmus meat. Food Chem. 2022;386:132856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132856

29. Rcsb.org [Internet]. RCSB Protein Data Bank. [Cited 2025 Feb 3]. Available from https://www.rcsb.org/.

30. Nurkanto A, Masrukhin, Erdian Tampubolon JC, Ewaldo MF, Putri AL, Ratnakomala S, et al. Exploring Indonesian actinomycete extracts for anti-tubercular compounds: integrating inhibition assessment, genomic analysis, and prediction of its target by molecular docking. Heliyon. 2024;10(15):e35648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35648

31. Rybak MJ, Akins RL. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with intermediate glycopeptide resistance. Drugs. 2001;61(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200161010-00001

32. Wei W, Chen P, Khan B, Tian K, Feng Y, Lv B, et al. Evaluation of Equisetin as an anti-microbial and herbicidal agent from endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. JDJR1. Agronomy. 2024;14(1):31 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010031

33. Chen S, Liu D, Qi Z, Guo P, Ding S, Shen J, et al. A marine antibiotic kills multidrug-resistant bacteria without detectable high-level resistance. ACS Infect Dis. 2021;7:884-93. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00913

34. Adione NM, Onyeka IP, Abba CC, Okoye NN, Eze PM, Umeokoli BO, et al. Antimicrobial activities of the endophytic fungus, Fusarium equiseti, isolated from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 2022;24(7):11-23. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2022/v24i730312

35. Burmeister HR, Bennett GA, Vesonder RF, Hesseltine CW. Antibiotic produced by Fusarium equiseti NRRL 5537. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974;5(6):634-9. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.5.6.634

36. Zhao D, Han X, Wang D, Liu M, Gou J, Peng Y, et al. Bioactive 3-decalinoyltetramic acids derivatives from a marine-derived strain of the fungus Fusarium equiseti D39. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01285

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