Research Article | Volume: 16, Issue: 8, August, 2026

Exploring Pomegranate Peel Extract as a Green Synthesizer for Berberine Chloride–Loaded Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy

Hekshal Disha Dsouza,  Garima Joshi,  Pooja Mallya,  Jasmine Liberta Fernandes,  Rafwana Ibrahim,  Jesil Mathew Aranjani,  Anne Boyina Sravani,  Veena K. M.,  Shaila Angela Lewis   

Hekshal Disha Dsouza1, Garima Joshi1, Pooja Mallya1, Jasmine Liberta Fernandes1, Rafwana Ibrahim2, Jesil Mathew Aranjani2, Anne Boyina Sravani3,4, Veena K. M.5, Shaila Angela Lewis1

1Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,  Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.

2Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.

3Theraxcel Healthcare Private Limited, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

4Yenepoya Technology Incubator, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India

5Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

Open Access   

Published:  Jul 19, 2026

DOI: 10.1177/22313354261466848
PDF [ 7.0 MB]
Request Permission
Share
Download Citation
Print
Download PDF
Abstract

This study aimed to prepare oral films incorporated with berberine-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (BBR-ZnO-NPs) with pomegranate peel extract as a biocatalyst and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. BBR-ZnO-NPs were formulated by green synthesis and optimized using Box–Behnken design, followed by characterization using Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The antibacterial activity of the NPs was evaluated against both strains. Furthermore, an oral film was prepared by loading BBR-ZnO-NPs in a pectin base. The synthesis of BBR-ZnO-NPs was confirmed by UV and FTIR analysis. DSC confirmed the amorphous state of BBR in ZnO-NPs. The BBR entrapment efficiency in ZnO-NPs was found to be 71.60%. The NPs showed improved antibacterial effects compared to BBR. Additionally, BBR-ZnO-NPs, formulated into an oral film of pectin, demonstrated a folding endurance of 207, indicating good flexibility and satisfactory mucoadhesive strength (2.28 ± 0.158 g). The developed BBR-ZnO-NPs loaded pectin films thus demonstrate a promising potential for the localized management of periodontitis.


Keyword:     Berberine green synthesis nanoparticles periodontal disease Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus

Citation:

Dsouza HD, Joshi G, Mallya P, Fernandes JL, Ibrahim R, Aranjani JM, Sravani AB, Veena K. M., Lewis SA. Exploring Pomegranate Peel Extract as a Green Synthesizer for Berberine Chloride–Loaded Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2026;16(8):566-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/22313354261466848

Copyright: © The Author(s). This open-access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is included, and any changes are indicated.
HTML Full Text

Reference

Article Metrics
46 Views 56 Downloads 102 Total

Year

Month

Related Search

By author names