Research Article | Volume: 16, Issue: 8, August, 2026

Development and Evaluation of Ulvan-loaded Nanoemulgel from Ulva lactuca L. for Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity

Wahyu Widyaningsih,  Dwi Utami,  Citra Ariani Edityaningrum,  Muhammad Ridwan,  Sofiani Lathifah,  Feti Al Qusnah,  Prasha Ibnu Thoriq,  Ratnasari   

Wahyu Widyaningsih1, Dwi Utami2, Citra Ariani Edityaningrum3, Muhammad Ridwan4, Sofiani Lathifah4, Feti Al Qusnah4, Prasha Ibnu Thoriq4, Ratnasari4

1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

2Department of Analytical Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

4Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Open Access   

Published:  Jun 29, 2026

DOI: 10.1177/22313354261457078
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Abstract

Ulvan from green algae (Ulva lactuca L.) has been reported to possess potential anti-inflammatory activity, and nanotechnology-based topical formulations have been widely explored to enhance its efficacy. This study aimed to develop an ulvan nanoemulgel and evaluate its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Ulvan was extracted by ultrasonication at 70 °C using distilled water, followed by ethanol precipitation. Ulvan extraction yielded 65.73% with a melting point of 196 °C–198 °C, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed characteristic functional groups of ulvan. The optimized nanoemulsion has a good physical appearance, droplet size of 35.20 ± 2.77 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.428 ± 0.053, and zeta potential of −12.54 ± 0.41 mV. The optimized nanoemulsion formula was incorporated into a 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gel base containing 8% ulvan. The nanoemulgel has a droplet size of 197.23 ± 15.32 nm, PDI 0.437 ± 0.016, pH 6.04 ± 0.02, viscosity 1,421.47 ± 59.31 centipoise (cps), spreadability of 6.82 ± 0.03 cm, and adhesiveness 12.54 ± 0.41 seconds. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in mice using four mice per group (determined according to Federer’s formula). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with a 95% confidence interval. The anti-inflammatory activity increased from 7.66% (ulvan) to 24.96% (ulvan gel) and 38.41% (ulvan nanoemulgel), indicating enhanced efficacy through formulation. These results demonstrate the potential of ulvan, particularly in nanoemulgel form, as a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent.


Keyword:     Anti-inflammatory ulvan Ulva lactuca L. nanoemulsion nanoemulgel

Citation:

Widyaningsih W, Utami D, Edityaningrum CA, Ridwan M, Lathifah S, Qusnah FA, Thoriq PI, Ratnasari. Development and Evaluation of Ulvan-loaded Nanoemulgel from Ulva lactuca L. for Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2026;16(8): 731–743. https://doi.org/10.1177/22313354261457078

Copyright: © The Author(s). This open-access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is included, and any changes are indicated.
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